Urology

Urology is the branch of medicine that deals with surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs. Under the urology study the organs involved are kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis). Generally, the urinary and reproductive tracts are closely linked, and disorders of each often affect the other also. Therefore a major range of health conditions managed in urology exists under the domain of genitourinary disorders.

What are the general urinary tract diseases?

1. Blood in the urine
2. Pain when you urinate
3. Changes in urinary pattern
4. Frequent need to urinate
5. Inability to urinate
6. Weak or hesitant urinary stream
7. Incontinence (difficulty holding urine or leaking)
8. Pain in the lower abdomen
9. Frequent urinary tract infections
10. Male infertility
11. Male impotence or erectile dysfunction
12. Mass in testicle

Sometimes it is advised to see a urologist if you have had any of the following:

1. Diagnosis of disease in the urinary tract or male reproductive organs
2. Kidney Cancer
3. Enlarged Prostate (BPH)
4. Bladder Cancer
5. Prostate Cancer
6. Kidney Stones
7. Interstitial Cystitis

What Is The Urinary Tract?

Let’s see what is urinary tract consists of, the kidneys, ureters, bladder and the urethra, are the key components of urinary tract system. The urinary tract is your body’s drainage system to remove urine. Urine is a combination of wastes and water. In order for urination to occur normally and without any complications, all body parts in the urinary tract need to work together.

Kidneys: The human body consists of two kidneys, one on either side of the middle back, just under the ribs. Each kidney has thousands of small filters called nephrons. Roughly around 180 litres of blood sieve through the kidneys every day.

The main functions of the kidney include:

1. Regulating the amount of water and salts in the blood
2. Filtering out waste products
3. Making a hormone that helps to control blood pressure.

Ureters: Each kidney has a tube called a ureter. The filtered waste products (urine) leave the kidneys via the ureters and enter the bladder.

Bladder: The bladder is a hollow organ that sits inside the pelvis acts as storage tank for the urine. When a certain amount of urine is inside the bladder, the bladder ‘signals’ the urge to urinate. Urine contains water and waste products like urea and ammonia.

Urethra: The urethra is the small tube connecting the bladder to the outside of the body. At the urethra’s connection to the bladder is a small ring of muscle, or sphincter. This stops urine from leaking out.

Urology Conditions treated at Sinu hospital

1. Kidney & bladder stones: Kidney or bladder stones are the solid build-ups of crystals which are made up of minerals and proteins present in the urine.
2. Urinary & prostate problems: Urinary problems can happen when the urinary tract is infected by microbes like fungi, bacteria or viruses. All men are at risk to develop prostate issues that includes prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis.
3. Urogenetical cancers: Urogenital cancers are diverse because they include tumors of the kidney and bladder and in males, of the prostate and testicle. Urogenital cancers will differ widely.
4. Reconstructive urology is the surgery that is used to restore normal urinary or sexual function by repairing, recreating or rerouting regions of the upper and lower urinary tract and some reproductive organs.
5. Vascular Access creation & CAPD Catheter Insertion: Vascular access is surgically created vein in removing and returning blood during haemodialysis. In CAPD, the patient’s abdomen is filled with dialysate. The patient enables it to sit for a prescribed amount of time then drain it. Fluid is drawn through the catheter and out of your abdomen by gravity.